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   Operating enterprises

   Main structural indicators of non-financial enterprises 

   Indicators of enterprises by place of operational activities

   Productivity of enterprise activities  

The survey population is comprised of public and private companies, state‑owned and municipal enterprises, foreign affiliates, agricultural and cooperative partnerships, public bodies, individual enterprises, and natural persons carrying out economic activity. The public bodies included are only those which cover more than half of their operating costs with the revenue earned. All economic activities according to NACE, except for agriculture, financial intermediation, and public administration and defence, are covered.

From reference year 2018 data are published according to a new statistical unit – enterprise. An enterprise is a group of legal units, a legal unit or part of a legal unit. Legal units that are part of a group of enterprises and their combined activities form an operating segment, then these legal units are treated as an enterprise.

   Operating enterprises

In 2021, there were 298.8 thousand enterprises operating in the country. Over the year, the number of enterprises increased by 6 per cent, over a ten-year period – almost twice. The main activity of most (19 per cent) enterprises was trade; 13 per cent of enterprises provided professional, scientific and technical services for business, 12 per cent – were engaged in construction, almost 10 per cent – in transportation and storage, and 8 per cent – in manufacturing.

Very small enterprises (0–9 persons employed) accounted for the largest share (94.9 per cent) of non-financial enterprises. Small (10–49 persons employed) enterprises accounted for 4.2, middle-sized (50–249 persons employed) enterprises – 0.8, large (250 and over persons employed) enterprises – 0.1 per cent.

Number of operating enterprises

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¹ Incomparable data. Break in time series.
* Provisional data; incomparable data. Break in time series.

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Operating enterprises by kind of economic activity, 2021*

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* Provisional data; incomparable data. Break in time series.

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Natural persons carrying out economic activity under patent or certificate accounted for the largest share of non-financial enterprises – 67 per cent, joint stock companies – 22.7 per cent. Over the year, the number of natural persons carrying out economic activity grew by 14.4 thousand (7.7 per cent), over a ten-year period – 2.1 times; the number of joint stock companies decreased by 620 (0.9 per cent).

Operating enterprises by kind of economic activity

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¹ Incomparable data. Break in time series.
* Provisional data; incomparable data. Break in time series.

– Category not applicable.

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

   Main structural indicators of non-financial enterprises 

1 million 164 thousand persons were employed in non-financial enterprises, 951.9 thousand of them – employees. Over the year, the number of persons employed increased by 47 thousand (4.2 per cent), while the number of employees decreased by 29.6 thousand (3.1 per cent). Over a ten-year period, the number of persons employed in non‑financial enterprises increased by 29.9 per cent.

Number of persons employed

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¹ Incomparable data. Break in time series.
* Provisional data; incomparable data. Break in time series.

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Number of persons employed by sex and kind of economic activity, 2021*

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* Provisional data; incomparable data. Break in time series.

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

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Employees of non-financial enterprises

In 2021, the turnover of enterprises amounted to EUR 124 billion and, compared to 2020, increased by EUR 23.9 billion (23.9 per cent). The value added (at factor cost) generated by enterprises amounted to EUR 30.9 billion, which is by EUR 5.4 billion (21.2 per cent) more than in 2020.

Turnover

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¹ Incomparable data. Break in time series.
* Provisional data; incomparable data. Break in time series.

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Turnover by kind of economic activity, 20210*

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* Provisional data; incomparable data. Break in time series.

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

The largest share (34 per cent) of the total value added (at factor cost) of non-financial enterprises was generated in large enterprises; the proportion of persons employed in such enterprises made up a quarter (26 per cent) of all persons employed in non-financial enterprises. Almost a fifth (19 per cent) of value added (at factor cost) was generated in very small enterprises; the proportion of persons employed in such enterprises made up almost a third (33 per cent) of all persons employed.

Value added (at factor cost)

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¹ Incomparable data. Break in time series.
* Provisional data; incomparable data. Break in time series.

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Value added (at factor cost) by kind of economic activity, 2021*

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* Provisional data; incomparable data. Break in time series.

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

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   Indicators of enterprises by place of operational activities

   Productivity of enterprise activities

In 2021, the average turnover per hour worked totalled EUR 83.6. Over the year, this amount increased by 18.6 per cent, over a ten-year period – 53.1 per cent. The average turnover per year by one conditional employee (after the recalculation into a full-time employee) totalled EUR 142.9 thousand. Over the year, income per one conditional employee increased by 19.6 per cent, over a ten-year period – 48.9 per cent.

Turnover per one conditional employee

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¹ Incomparable data. Break in time series.
* Provisional data; incomparable data. Break in time series.

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Turnover per one conditional employee by economic activity, 2021* 

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* Provisional data; incomparable data. Break in time series.

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Major proportion – EUR 104.7 thousand – of the value added per one conditional employee was generated in the real estate activities, EUR 86.4 thousand – electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply activities, EUR 51.8 thousand – information and communication enterprises, while the smallest proportion – EUR 15.9 thousand – accommodation and food service enterprises.

Value added (at factor cost) per one conditional employee

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¹ Incomparable data. Break in time series.
* Provisional data; incomparable data. Break in time series.

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Major proportion – EUR 59.1 – of the value added per hour was generated in the real estate activities; EUR 48.2 – electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply activities, EUR 28.8 – information and communication enterprises, while the smallest proportion – EUR 9.6 – accommodation and food service enterprises.

Value added (at factor cost) per one conditional employee by economic activity, 2021*

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* Provisional data; incomparable data. Break in time series.

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

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Turnover per hour worked by employee

Turnover per hour worked by employee by economic activity

Turnover per hour worked by employee by enterprise size class

Value added (at factor cost) per hour worked by employee

Value added (at factor cost) per hour worked by employee by economic activity

Value added (at factor cost) per hour worked by employee by enterprise size class

In 2021, more than two thirds (68.2 per cent) of the enterprises were profitable – earning the net profit of EUR 12.3 billion. Other enterprises were loss-making (with the loss of EUR 1.7 billion). Over the year, the proportion of profitable enterprises increased by 0.3 percentage points, and their profit grew by EUR 3.6 billion or 42.1 per cent. Loss incurred increased by EUR 89.1 million or 5.6 per cent.

Profitable and loss-making enterprises¹

   Per cent
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¹ Excluding individual enterprises and natural persons carrying out economic activity.
  2018 – incomparable data. Break in time series.
  2021 – provisional data; incomparable data. Break in time series.

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Profit of profit-making enterprises, loss of loss-making enterprises¹

   EUR thousand__________________________
¹ Excluding individual enterprises and natural persons carrying out economic activity.
  2018 – incomparable data. Break in time series.
  2021 – provisional data; incomparable data. Break in time series.

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In 2021, the net profitability of enterprises accounted for 8 per cent, i.e. on average EUR 8 per EUR 100 income. Excluding the activity of the head offices, where most of the income is earned from dividends, the most profitable activity was the real estate operations, with a net profitability of 40.9 per cent.

The largest part (EUR 1.3 billion) of net profit was generated in wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles activity. Compared to 2020, net profit increased by EUR 479 million or 57 per cent.

The sector in the motor vehicle, trailer and semi-trailer manufacturing was profitable in 2020, became loss making activity in 2021, with the largest decrease in profit recorded in profits in food manufacturing activity. This was probably mainly influenced by COVID‑19.

Profitability of enterprises¹

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¹ Excluding individual enterprises and natural persons carrying out economic activity.
  2018 – incomparable data. Break in time series.
  2021 – provisional data; incomparable data. Break in time series.

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Profitability of enterprises by kind of economic activity

Equity to liabilities ratio

Enterprise performance indicators

Key financial ratios of enterprises (quartile and median)

Kind of economic activity

For further terms, see the Dictionary of Statistical Terms.