Lithuania in figures (edition 2023)

Resident population

The chapter provides statistical information about the structure and demographic development of the Lithuanian population: birth and death rates, marriages, divorces, international and internal migration.

The main source of statistical information on births, deaths, marriages, divorces, international and internal migration is data of the Population Register of the Republic of Lithuania and the Institute of Hygiene.

At the beginning of 2023, the resident population of Lithuania totalled 2 million 857.3 thousand, i.e. by 51.3 thousand persons more than at the beginning of 2022. The change in the resident population in 2022 was influenced by an increase in positive net international migration due to the large number of war refugees from Ukraine – the number of immigrants exceeded that of emigrants by 72.1 thousand, and negative natural population change – the number of deaths exceeded that of live births by 20.8 thousand.

Vital statistics

	Live births	Deaths	Natural population change	Marriages	Divorces	Crude rate per 1,000 population
	Live births	Deaths	Natural population change	Marriages	Divorces	live births	deaths	natural population change	marriages	divorces
2022	22,068	42,884	-20,816	16,016	7,395	7.8	15.1	-7.4	5.7	2.6
2021	23,330	47,746	-24,416	16,795	7,822	8.3	17.0	-8.7	6.0	2.8
2020	25,144	43,547	-18,403	15,299	7,544	9.0	15.6	-6.6	5.5	2.7
2019	27,393	38,281	-10,888	19,502	8,683	9.8	13.7	-3.9	7.0	3.1
2018	28,149	39,574	-11,425	19,734	8,640	10.0	14.1	-4.1	7.0	3.1

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Population by sex and age group, 2023
Beginning of the year, per cent

Males	Females

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

At the beginning of 2023, 1 million 955.8 thousand (68.4 per cent) residents were living in urban areas, 901.5 thousand (31.6 per cent) – in rural areas. Compared to the beginning of 2022, the urban resident population increased by 2.2 per cent (42.4 thousand), the rural resident population – by 1 per cent (8.9 thousand).

Population in urban and rural areas, population density
Beginning of the year

	Population, thousand			Compared to the total population, %		Population density
	total	urban areas	rural areas	urban areas	rural areas	Population density
2023	2,857.3	1,955.8	901.5	68.4	31.6	43.8
2022	2,806.0	1,913.4	892.6	68.2	31.8	43.0
2021	2,810.8	1,916.8	894.0	68.2	31.8	43.1
2020	2,794.1	1,882.5	911.6	67.4	32.6	42.8
2019	2,794.2	1,875.4	918.8	67.1	32.9	42.8

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Population of major city 2013 and 2023
Beginning of the year, thousand

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

At the beginning of 2023, the number of women in Lithuania was by 185.6 thousand higher than that of men (1 million 521.5 thousand and 1 million 335.8 thousand respectively). Women accounted for 53.2 per cent of the total resident population; there were 1,139 women per 1,000 men (at the beginning of 2022, 53.4 per cent and 1,148 respectively).

Number of women per 1,000 men
Beginning of the year

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Population by sex and municipality, 2023
Beginning of the year

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

At the beginning of 2023, there were 571.7 thousand elderly people (aged 65 and older), or 20 per cent of the total resident population. Each seventh man and each fourth woman was aged 65 and older. Compared to the beginning of 2022, the number of elderly people increased by 11 thousand, or 2 per cent.

At the beginning of 2023, the number of children under 15 was 25.3 per cent lower than that of elderly people. There were 134 elderly persons per 100 children.

Index of ageing
Number of elderly (aged 65 and older) persons per 100 children (aged 0–14), beginning of the year

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Index of ageing by municipality, 2022
Number of elderly (aged 65 and older) persons per 100 children (aged 0–14), beginning of the year

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

At the beginning of 2023, the citizens of the Republic of Lithuania accounted for 96.6 per cent of the country’s resident population, those of Ukraine – 1.8 per cent, Belarus – 0.9 per cent, and Russia – 0.4 per cent (at the beginning of 2022, for 98.8, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.3 per cent respectively).

Most residents of the country (2 million 625.5 thousand, or 91.9 per cent) were born in Lithuania, 231.8 thousand (8.1 per cent) – abroad.

Population by ethnicity, 2023
Beginning of the year, per cent

	Other

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Almost half (48 per cent) of the resident population aged 15 and older were married, 13.6 per cent – divorced, 9 per cent – widowed. The number of divorced women was 1.6 times, that of widowed women – 5.5 times higher than that of men.

In 2022, 22.1 thousand live births were registered, which is by 1.3 thousand (5.4 per cent) less than in 2021. In 2022, the crude live birth rate (the number of live births per 1,000 population) was 7.8 (in 2021, 8.3). The total fertility rate decreased from 1.34 (in 2021) to 1.27 (in 2022). The most favourable demographic situation is observed when the total fertility rate stands at around 2.1. In 2022, the mean age of women at the birth of the first child did not change and was 28.2 years (in 2021, 28.2 years).

In 2022, 42.9 thousand deaths were registered. Against 2021, the number of deaths decreased by 4.9 thousand, or 10.2 per cent. In 2022, the crude death rate (the number of deaths per 1,000 population) stood at 15.1 (in 2021, 17).

In 2022, 67 infant deaths were registered, i.e. by 6 (8.2 per cent) less than in 2021. The infant mortality rate (the number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births) decreased from 3.1 in 2021 to 3 in 2022.

Infant mortality
Infant deaths per 1,000 live births

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In 2022, life expectancy at birth for men was 70.9 years, for women – 79.6 years (in 2021, 69.6 and 78.9 years respectively). The difference between life expectancy at birth for men and for women in 2022 was 8.7 years (in 2021, 9.3 years).

Life expectancy at birth
Years

	Total			Urban areas			Rural areas
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
2022	75.30	70.86	79.57	76.38	72.03	80.21	73.14	68.75	78.14
2021	74.28	69.60	78.87	75.33	70.70	79.56	72.15	67.61	77.34
2020	75.11	70.09	80.06	75.86	70.65	80.63	73.69	69.09	79.23
2019	76.43	71.53	81.04	77.31	72.24	81.64	74.83	70.35	79.94
2018	75.91	70.92	80.60	76.64	71.44	81.12	74.59	70.05	79.87

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In 2022, the number of marriages registered amounted to 16 thousand, that of divorces – 7.4 thousand, which is by 0.8 thousand marriages (4.6 per cent) less and by 0.4 thousand divorces (5.5 per cent) less than in 2021. In 2022, there were 5.7 marriages and 2.6 divorces per 1,000 population (in 2021, 6 marriages and 2.8 divorces respectively). In 2022, the number of divorces per 100 marriages stood at 46.2 (in 2021, 46.6). The ratio of marriages to divorces is more precisely reflected by the total divorce rate, which is calculated taking into account the duration of the previous marriage. If the previous year’s ratio does not change, it is probable that, out of 100 couples, 34 will get divorced.

In 2022, 87.4 thousand people immigrated to Lithuania, which is by 42.5 thousand (almost 2 times) more than in 2021. In 2022, the crude immigration rate stood at 30.9 (in 2021, 16).

International migration

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Imigrantai	22,011	24,294	22,130	20,162	20,368	28,914	40,067	43,096	44,858	87,367
Emigrantai	38,818	36,621	44,533	50,333	47,925	32,206	29,273	23,103	25,205	15,270

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Net international migration

The latest and detailed data are available in the D atabase of Indicators

In 2022, 20.7 thousand (23.7 per cent of all immigrants) citizens of the Republic of Lithuania returned to Lithuania, which is by 3 thousand (12.7 per cent) less than in 2021. Last year, 66.7 thousand foreigners immigrated to the country (76.3 per cent of all immigrants), which is by 45.5 thousand (3.2 times) more than in 2021.

Citizens of the Republic of Lithuania who returned

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

In 2022, 15.3 thousand residents emigrated from Lithuania. Against 2021, the number of emigrants decreased by 9.9 thousand (39.4 per cent). In 2022, the crude emigration rate (the number of emigrants per 1,000 population) decreased from 9 (in 2021) to 5.4 (in 2022).

Last year, 2.6 thousand (17.3 per cent) of all emigrants chose the United Kingdom as their destination of emigration, Norway was chosen by 2 thousand (12.9 per cent), Germany – 1.6 thousand (10.7 per cent), Ireland – 0.8 thousand (5 per cent) and Ukraine – 0.6 thousand (4.1 per cent).

In 2022, the number of immigrants exceeded that of emigrants by 72.1 thousand. In 2022, net international migration of the residents of the Republic of Lithuania was positive (the number of those who immigrated exceeded the number of those who emigrated by 7.6 thousand). In 2022, the number of foreign immigrants exceeded that of emigrants by 64.5 thousand.