The Chapter presents time series since 2018 for the aggregates on gross domestic product (GDP), gross national income (GNI) and components thereof, as well as provisional information for 2022. The State Data Agency compiles the national accounts aggregates following the provisions of the Regulation (EU) No 549/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the European system of national and regional accounts in the European Union (ESA 2010); therefore, the information is comparable with macroeconomic statistics published by other EU member states.

Every year, time series of GDP and GNI aggregates are revised based on information of the latest or revised data sources, and provisional indicators of national accounts of the previous year are estimated.

In 2022, the GNI amounted to EUR 65.0 billion, which was EUR 2.4 billion less than GDP due to primary income payable to non-residents being greater than primary income receivable from them. In 2022, primary income payable to non-residents grew by 7.4 per cent, while primary income receivable from non-residents increased by 1.1 per cent.

In 2022, GDP at current prices amounted to EUR 67.4 billion. Compared to 2021, the real GDP change stood at 2.4 per cent. The revised 2021 GDP amounted to EUR 56.5 billion, having increased by 6.3 per cent as compared to the previous period.

Gross domestic product (GDP), gross national income (GNI) and gross value added (GVA)

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in purchasing power standards (PPS)
EU 27 – 100

Source: Eurostat’s database, 8 October 2023

Gross domestic product by county, 2021
GDP per capita, at current prices, EUR thous.

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Structure of gross value added by economic activity (EVRK Rev. 2)
Per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

As for GDP estimated by production approach, in 2022, the GDP growth (at constant prices) was mainly determined by an increase in gross value added (GVA) in manufacturing activities (4.4 per cent), which have the largest weight in generating value-added. Brisk GVA growth was recorded for enterprises engaged in professional, scientific and technical (15.9 per cent), information and communication (15.9 per cent), administrative and support services (9.1 per cent),  financial and insurance (8.9 per cent) activities. In 2022, enterprises engaged inaccommodation and food service activities recorded the fastest growth in GVA (25.8 per cent), followed by those engaged in arts, entertainment and recreation activities (18.3 per cent).

There have been no significant changes in terms of GDP structure by production approach observed since 2021 – the most significant increase was recorded in the share of value added generated by electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply activities (from 1.6 per cent in 2021 to 2.4 per cent in 2022) and agriculture, forestry and fishing activities (from 3.8 per cent in 2021 to 4.4 per cent in 2022), whilewholesale and retail trade activities had the most notable decrease (from 16.4 per cent in 2021 to 15.6 per cent in 2022).

Among the components of GDP estimated by expenditure approach, imports and exports of goods and services had the highest rate of growth in 2022 (12.4 and 12.2 per cent respectively), while gross fixed capital formation grew by 3.6 per cent, household final consumption expenditure – by 2.0 per cent.

In terms of GDP estimated by expenditure approach, significant increase was observed for the share of exports (from 80.1 per cent in 2021 to 86.8 per cent in 2022) and imports (from 75.6 per cent in 2021 to 88.9 per cent in 2022) of goods and services, while the share of general government final consumption expenditure decreased from 17.6 per cent in 2021 to 16.8 per cent in 2022.

Structure of GDP by expenditure approach
Per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

As for GDP estimated by income approach, in 2022, significant growth was recorded in compensation of employees (16.3 per cent at current prices). Taxes on production and products increased by 15.4 per cent, while subsidies on products and production, compared to the pandemic year 2021, increased by 16.8 per cent.

Regarding the components of the GDP income approach, a decrease has been observed in the share of compensation of employees, having fallen from 47.7 per cent in 2021 to 46.5 per cent in 2022, while the share of the net operating surplus increased from 30.3 per cent in 2021 to 33.2 per cent in 2022.

Structure of GDP by income approach
Per cent

The latest and detailed data are available in the Database of Indicators

Real GDP growth rate in the EU states, 2022
Compared to the previous year, per cent

EU 27 – 3.4%

Source: Eurostat’s database, 8 October 2023.

For further terms, see the Dictionary of Statistical Terms